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• Extended SRAM Test

  land-boards.com • 04/29/2022 at 14:04 • 0 comments

  The RETRO-EP4CE15 card has 1MB of SRAM on the card. The SRAM is in (2) 8KB windows with 64 banks in each window.

  I wrote a test routine that writes ramp values to the SRAM and verifies it works.

  The test program prints:

  S0++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
   1+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++D

  Where:
  

  • S = start
  • 0/1 = block number
  • + = block good
  • X = bad
  • D = done

  Hit a key at end to avoid resetting the Serial port until done. 

  Jumps back to SmithBUG when done.

  Takes ~2 secs to run with 25MHz ROM/Internal SRAM and 16.7 MHz for External SRAM.

  Assembled using A68 assembler

  "..\..\A68 6800 Assembler\a68.exe" XRAMTEST.ASM -l XRAMTEST.LST -s XRAMTEST.SRE

  Memory Map
  

  • 0xA000-0xBFFF - 512KB External SRAM
    • 8KB Windows, 64 frames
    • MMU0 provides additional address bit
    • MMU0 initialized to 0
  • 0xC000-0xDFFF - 512KB External SRAM
    • 8KB Window, 64 frames
    • MMU2 provides additional address bits
    • MMU2 initialized to 0
  • 0xFC30 - MMU0 Latch 6-bits
  • 0xFC31 - MMU1 Latch 6-bits

• FigForth Built-In Words

  land-boards.com • 04/27/2022 at 18:29 • 0 comments

  Starting Forth book

  TASK   FORTH   NOOP   VLIST   TRIAD   INDEX   LIST   ?   .   D.   

  D.R   .R   #S   #   SIGN   #>   <#

  SPACES   WHILE   ELSE   IF   REPEAT   AGAIN   END   UNTIL   

  +LOOP   LOOP   DO   THEN   ENDIF   BEGIN

  BACK   FORGET   '   R/W   HI   LO   BLOCK_READ   BLOCK_WRITE   

  ?DISC   -->   LOAD   MESSAGE   .LINE (LINE)   BLOCK   BUFFER   

  DR1   DR0   EMPTY-BUFFERS   UPDATE   +BUF   PREV   USE   DABS   

  ABS   M/MOD

  */   */MOD   MOD   /   /MOD   *   S->D   COLD   ABORT   QUIT   

  (   DEFINITIONS   VOCABULARY   IMMEDIATE INTERPRET   DLITERAL  

   LITERAL   [COMPILE]   CREATE   ID.   ERROR   (ABORT)   -FIND   

  NUMBER   (NUMBER)

  LABD______________   PAD   HOLD   BLANKS   ERASE   FILL      

  QUERY   EXPECT   ?STACK   ."   (.")   -TRAILING

  TYPE   COUNT   DOES>   <BUILDS   ;CODE   (:CODE)   DECIMAL   

  HEX   SMUDGE   ]   [   COMPILE   ?LOADING

  ?CSP   ?PAIRS   ?EXEC   ?COMP   ?ERROR   !CSP   PFA   NFA   

  CFA   LFA   LATEST   TRAVERSE   -DUP   MAX
  MIN   SPACE   ROT   >   <   =   -   C,   ,   ALLOT   HERE   2+   1+   

  COLUMNS   HLD   R#   CSP   FLD

  DPL   BASE   STATE   CURRENT   CONTEXT   OFFSET   SCR   

  OUT   IN   BLK   VOC-LINK   DP   FENCE   WARNING
  WIDTH   TIB   R0   S0   +ORIGIN   B/SCR   B/BUF   LIMIT   FIRST   

  BL   3   2   1   0   USER   VARIABLE

  CONSTANT   ;   :   C!   !   C@   @   TOGGLE   +!   DUP   SWAP   

  DROP   OVER   DMINUS   MINUS   D+   +

  0<   0=   R   R>   >R   LEAVE   ;S   RP!   SP!   SP@   XOR   OR   

  AND   U/   U*   CMOVE   CR   ?TERMINAL

  KEY   EMIT   ENCLOSE   (FIND)   DIGIT   I   (DO)   (+LOOP)   

  (LOOP)   0BRANCH   BRANCH   EXECUTE   LIT    OK

• figFORTH in ROM

  land-boards.com • 04/27/2022 at 14:55 • 0 comments

  Replace SmithBUG with FigForth ROM

  figFORTH can be loaded into ROM in the build instead of the SmithBUG ROM. The reset vector has to point to the FigForth COLD Start.

  Memory Map

  0x0000-0x0FFF - 4KB SRAM
  0x1000-0x2FFF - 6K ROM (using 8KB entity, but only using 6KB)
  0x3000-0x3FFF - 4KB SRAM
  0x4000-0x7FFF - 16KB SRAM
  0xFC00-0xFCFF - I/O Space
  0xFFFE-0xFFFF - ROM start vector (physically top of the 8KB ROM)

  Assemble

  Assemble fig-Forth code using A68 Assembler.

  "..\..\A68 6800 Assembler\a68.exe" fig-FORTH_6800.asm -l fig-FORTH_6800.lst -s fig-FORTH_6800.s

  Manually delete top lines in S record file. After deleting, top lines should be:

  S1131000017E1FA3017E1FD3680000000000007F43
  S113101001000F300FFE0F30001F00000183018319
  

  This matches the source:

     1000   01            ORIG    nop
     1001   7e 1f a3          jmp    CENT
                          ;**************************
                          ;*  W A R M   E N T R Y  **
                          ;**************************
     1004   01                nop
     1005   7e 1f d3          jmp    WENT    ;warm-sta a rt code, keeps current dictionary intact
  

  Use srec_cat to shift addresses down and make Hex file:
  

  srec_cat fig-FORTH_6800.s -offset - -minimum-addr fig-FORTH_6800.s -o fig-FORTH_6800.hex -Intel

  Clone FPGA Folder

  Archived M6800_MIKBUG_20220427.qar the project as it currently is since it's working well, as-is. Put into new folder and set new entity name (M6800_figForth). Tested as-is and it built/worked.

  Update FPGA Entity

  Bunch of stuff to do.

  • Set up memories
    • Add address selects

  w_SRAMAdr_1 <= '1'     when  w_cpuAddress(15 downto 12) = x"0" else
             '0';
  w_SRAMAdr_2 <= '1'     when  w_cpuAddress(15 downto 12) = x"3" else
             '0';
  w_SRAMAdr_3 <= '1'     when  w_cpuAddress(15 downto 14) = "01" else
             '0';
  w_ROMAdr    <= '1'    when    w_cpuAddress(15 downto 12) = x"1" else
             '1'    when    w_cpuAddress(15 downto 12) = x"2" else
             '0';

  •  Add SRAM entities (2 of 4KB, 1 of 16KB SRAM blocks from Common VHDL folder)
    • No output q latch
  • Add 8KB FigForth ROM entity
    • No output q latch
  • Add reset vector "manually" to read data multiplexer (0xFFFE-0xFFFF = 0x1000)

        -- ____________________________________________________________________________________
        -- CPU Read Data multiplexer
        w_cpuDataIn <=
            io_extSRamData    when w_extSRAM = '1'           else    -- External SRAM (0xA000-0xDFFF)
                    ...
            x"10"             when w_cpuAddress = x"FFFE"    else    -- Reset vector Upper ($1000)
            x"00"             when w_cpuAddress = x"FFFF"    else    -- Reset vector Lower
            w_romData         when w_ROMAdr = '1'            else    -- ROM
    

  Create FPGA .jic file and Download

  Runs!!!

  Saved M6800_FigForth_20220427.qar archive file.

  Issues

  Output looks good on Serial port, but tabbed? over in VDU.

• FigFORTH Running

  land-boards.com • 04/26/2022 at 19:22 • 0 comments

  Ported figFORTH to the card. It runs. Banner is Forth-68.

  Running

  Type J 0100 to run.

  Sources

  Required a bit of tweeking the assembly code so that it would assemble using A68. 

  Ported Source is here.

  Original Source is here.

• Front Panel for 6800 CPU

  land-boards.com • 04/22/2022 at 15:44 • 0 comments

  8 Bit Computer Front Panel | Hackaday.io

• Front Panel for 6800 CPU

  land-boards.com • 04/22/2022 at 15:41 • 0 comments

  8 Bit Computer Front Panel | Hackaday.io

• SmithBug at 0xF000

  land-boards.com • 04/22/2022 at 15:30 • 0 comments

  Notes on SmithBug at 0xF000

  • SmithBug is a variant of MIKBUG
    • Updated by Herb Johnson to add S Record loader
  • 60KB SRAM variant
    • Supports much smaller SRAM sizes but requires scratchpad SRAM if ther is less than 60KB of SRAM
      • Scratchpad RAM has to be at 0xEF00-0xEFFF (minimum 256 bytes)

  SmithBug Memory Map

  • 0x0000-0x7FFF - 32KB Internal SRAM
  • 0XEC00-0xEFFF - 1KB Internal SRAM (SCRATCHPAD SRAM USED BY MIKBUG)
  • 0xFC18-0xFC19 - VDU (serSelect J3 JUMPER REMOVED)
  • 0xFC28-0xFC19 - ACIA (serSelect J3 JUMPER installed)
  • 0xFC30-0xFC3F - Front Panel
  • 0xF000-0xFFFF - MIKBUG (Actually SMITHBUG) ROM

  Hardware

  • Tested/runs on all MultiComp based designs
    • SRAM accesses run at 25 MHz on Internal SRAM
    • Different FPGAs can support more of less internal SRAM
      • EP2C5 FPGA supports 3KB internal SRAM
      • EP4CE15 FPGA supports 32KB internal SRAM
      • Cyclone V FPGA supports 60KB internal SRAM
    • External SRAM works on all MultiComp based designs and supports 60KB SRAM
      • SRAM accesses run at 16.6 MHz on External SRAM

  Commands

  MIKBUG Commands

  Build Instructions

  • Creates .hex file load load in Quartus II

  ..\a68 DGG_MIKBUG.ASM -l DGG_MIKBUG.LST -s DGG_MIKBUG.s
  ..\srec_cat DGG_MIKBUG.s -offset - -minimum-addr DGG_MIKBUG.s -o DGG_MIKBUG.hex -Intel

• Links

  land-boards.com • 04/20/2022 at 14:07 • 0 comments

  • Land Boards Wiki page
  • GitHub Wiki page
  • MultiComp GitHub page
  • 6800 Software development GitHub
  • MIKBUG commands

• Minimal Build

  land-boards.com • 06/26/2021 at 14:24 • 0 comments

  Put together a minimal build which runs in the EP2C5 FPGA. It does not use any external SRAM. The features are:

  -- MC6800 CPU
  --   Running MIKBUG from back in the day (SmithBug ACIA version)
  --   25 MHz
  --   4K (internal) RAM version
  -- MC6850 ACIA UART
  -- VDU
  --   XGA 80x25 ANSI character display
  --   PS/2 keyboard
  -- SD Card
  --   Not used
  --   Included in pin list with inactive levels (in case a card is installed)
  --
  -- The Memory Map is:
  --   $0000-$0DFF - 3.5KB SRAM (internal RAM in the EPCE15)
  --   $7E00-$7FFF - 512B SRAM (internal RAM in the EPCE15)
  --      $7F00-$7FFF are used as scratchpad RAM by MIKBUG
  --      $7E00-$7EFF can be used by application program
  --   $8018-$8019 - VDU
  --   $8028-$8029 - ACIA
  --     i_SerSelect (Pin_60 of the FPGA) swaps addresses of VDU and ACIA port (requires pullup in FPGA)
  --     Installed (Pin_60 to Ground) uses Serial port
  --   $C000-$FFFF - MIKBUG ROM (repeats 4 times from $C000-$FFFF)

   It works. It's a good baseline for starting a larger build.

• Speeding Up the CPU

  land-boards.com • 06/02/2021 at 10:17 • 0 comments

  I was running the CPU at 12.5 MHz. Speeding up the CPU will requires some attention due to the external SRAM speed. The RETRO-EP4CE15 Card uses a 1MB 45 nS SRAM, the IS62WV10248EBLL-45TLI.

  The critical timing is the write enable strobe:

  The FPGA clock is 50 MHz or 20 nS per clock. Asserting the Write Enable (WE*) for 2 clocks works for the 45 nS parts that are used. 55 nS parts would be marginal but probably would work fine.
  

  Write Enable should only be asserted while the CPU clock is high so it gets gated with the clock. Note, the logic shown here is inverted, eg, the signal goes high when the active low write enable is NOT asserted.

  o_n_extSRamWE <= w_n_SRAMCE or  w_R1W0  or (not w_vma)  or (w_cpuClock);
  

  This all says we can run the CPU clock at 16.67 Mhz with one 20 nS clock low and 2 clocks high.

  The VHDL code for the CPU clock is:

      -- ____________________________________________________________________________________
      -- CPU Clock
      -- Need 2 clocks high for externl SRAM can get by with 1 clock low
      -- Produces a 40 nS wide wriye strobe - 45 nS SRAMs need a 35 nS write pulse, so this works
  process (i_CLOCK_50)
      begin
          if rising_edge(i_CLOCK_50) then
              if q_cpuClkCount < 2 then    -- 50 MHz / 3 = 16.7
              end if;
              if q_cpuClkCount < 1 then    -- 2 clocks high, one low
                  w_cpuClock <= '0';
              else
                  w_cpuClock <= '1';
              end if;
          end if;
      end process;
  

  And it works!

  25 MHz CPU Speed Upgrade

  It could be possible to run faster by only stretching the CPU clock high width when the external SRAM is accessed. This way the CPU would run at 25 MHz when running from Internal SRAM and only drop to 16.7 Mhz for external SRAM accesses The change to the clock generator is fairly minor:

      -- ____________________________________________________________________________________
      -- CPU Clock
      -- Need 2 clocks high for externl SRAM can get by with 1 clock low
      -- Produces a 40 nS wide wriye strobe - 45 nS SRAMs need a 35 nS write pulse, so this works
  process (i_CLOCK_50, w_n_SRAMCE)
      begin
          if rising_edge(i_CLOCK_50) then
              if w_n_SRAMCE = '0' then
                  if q_cpuClkCount < 2 then                        -- 50 MHz / 3 = 16.7 
                      q_cpuClkCount <= q_cpuClkCount + 1;
                  else
                      q_cpuClkCount <= (others=>'0');
                  end if;
              else
                  if q_cpuClkCount < 1 then                        -- 50 MHz / 2 = 25 
                      q_cpuClkCount <= q_cpuClkCount + 1;
                  else
                      q_cpuClkCount <= (others=>'0');
                  end if;
              end if;
              if q_cpuClkCount < 1 then                        -- 2 clocks high, one low
                  w_cpuClock <= '0';
              else
                  w_cpuClock <= '1';
              end if;
          end if;
      end process;
      
  

  That worked, too!

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