PIR Amplifier/Discriminator Circuit:

The PIR sensor is powered up via the Pi's 3.3V supply through a 10k resistor and bypassed by 10.1uF.  The output of the PIR is amplified and band-pass filtered by IC1A and IC1D, with potentiometer R14 allowing adjustment of the gain of IC1D.  The positive input of IC1D sets the DC output level of IC1D at 1.65V thanks to the resistor divider of R6-R9.  IC1C and IC1B are comparators whose outputs will go low if the output of IC1D crosses their thresholds of 1.65V +/- ~457mV.   When no signal is present, the outputs of IC1B/IC1C will both be HIGH, which will make the output of NAND gate IC2 LOW.  If the output of IC1D changes by > ~457mV, it will cause one of the inputs to IC2 to go LOW, resulting in the output of IC2 gong hi.  This output is routed to the GPIO header so the Pi can detect this motion.  If Jumper SJ1 is closed, LED1 will turn on whenever motion is detected.

Ambient Light Detection Circuit:

IC4 is a Comparator that's used to detect ambient light and determine whether or not the Hi-Power LED is necessary to record an image/video.  Just prior to recording, the Pi will make the 'LED_EN' line go HIGH which will bias the resistor divider made up of R16/PH1.  PH1 is a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and its resistance is inversely proportional to the light on its face....The darker it gets, the higher the LDR's resistance and so the higher the voltage on the positive input of IC4.  The negative input of IC4 is tied to a resistor divider made up of R15, R19 and R24.  R19 can be adjusted to set the threshold for the comparator, essentially determining how dark it has to be before the output of IC4 goes hi.  R22 provides a bit of hysteresis to the comparator so it will not be 'chattering' if the voltage on the positive input is near the threshold.

The output of IC4 is fed through a 1k resistor to 'LED_VSET'.  LED_VSET is used both to enable U2 as described below and is also fed back into the Pi so it can know whether or not it was dark enough to trip the comparator.  Currently the Python script on the Pi will append a 'D' for 'Dark' to the end of any filenames created when LED_VSET is HIGH.

Power LED Driver:

SAFETY FIRST! Note that the light generated by an Infrared LED is invisible to the naked eye but it is very powerful and could possibly damage your eyesight.  Don't stare at this LED while it's on, any more than you would stare at any powerful light source.  When active, the LED will give off a faint red glow.  If you see the glow, the LED is giving off potential harmful Infrared light!

U2 is a Diodes Incorporated AL8861 power LED driver.  This buck converter uses the same 5V that powers the Pi to generate the LED supply.  The LED current is set via R13, and L1/D3 make up the rest of the buck.  C11 and C12 minimize switching noise getting back onto the Pi's 5V.

Additional Circuitry:

LED2 is connected to the Pi's 3.3V output via jumper SJ2.  When the jumper is shorted, LED2 will be on whenever the Pi is powered up.  LED3 and LED4 are tied to GPIO's and can be controlled by the Python script that controls operation.

Buttons Switch1 and Switch2 are tied to GPIO's and allow the user to interrupt the Python script running on the Pi.  This can be useful since the Pi may be sitting there with its WIFI disabled and so the user can't SSH into it.  Pressing one button (either one) can cause the Pi to bail out of the Python script and enable WIFI.  Pressing both buttons at the same time will cause the Pi to execute a 'sudo halt' command so it will shut down and power can be safely removed.