Make connections according to the version you are going to build. For simple version follow the connection diagram below:

If you want to make the portable version make sure that VUSB is disconnected from the first pin as we are going to power it via battery. 

I made it on veroboard and it looked something like this after soldering:

I suggest you follow the following connection diagram if you are going to attach a battery. 

Power up your teensy and sd card module, then run an example code available in SD card library like this one! This is to test all the things are working correctly.

Now finally, connect the sensors and write a program to write data on the SD card.